8463/1H June 2022

  • When the hair straighteners reach normal operating​​ temperature, an LED turns on.

When the hair straighteners reach normal operating temperature, an LED turns on.​​ 

i-​​ Draw the circuit symbol for an LED in the box.​​ 

[1 mark]

SOLUTION

Figure 13 shows the circuit diagram for the hair straighteners. box

Each resistor represents a heating element.

The power output of the hair straighteners can​​ be changed by closing different switches.

ii-​​ Why do the hair straighteners not turn on when only switch S2​​ is closed?

[1 mark]

SOLUTION

Because isnt close, the switch​​ S1​​ needs to be​​ closed, for the hair straightener to turn on.​​ 

iii-​​ The hair straighteners have a maximum power output of 120 W.

The energy transferred to the hair straighteners to reach normal operating temperature is 3.6 kJ.

Calculate the time taken for the hair straighteners to reach normal operating temperature when operating at maximum power.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

[4 marks]

SOLUTION

P=Et 

t=Ep 

t=3600120

t=30 s

iv-​​ Figure 14 shows the hair straighteners circuit with switch S1​​ closed.

Switch S2​​ and switch S3​​ are then closed at the same time.

Explain what happens to the power output of the power supply.

[3 marks]

SOLUTION

  • The total resistance of the circuit decreases​​ as the​​ resistors are sonnected in parallel.

  • Thus,​​ the current​​ would​​ increase.

  • Thus power​​ would​​ also increase.​​ (From P=VI, P and I are proportional to each other that’s why power also increases.)